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<title>Mode coupling</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mode coupling</span></span>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In the term <b>mode coupling</b>, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to <a href="Eigenmode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenmode">eigenmodes</a> of an idealized, "unperturbed", <a href="Linear_system" title="Linear system">linear system</a>. The <a href="Superposition_principle" title="Superposition principle">superposition principle</a> says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other: it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode without influencing any other mode; there is no <a href="Dissipation" title="Dissipation">dissipation</a>. In most real systems, however, there is at least <i>some</i> <a href="Perturbation_theory" title="Perturbation theory">perturbation</a> that causes energy transfer between different modes. This perturbation, interpreted as an interaction between the modes, is what is called "mode coupling".
</p><p>Important applications are:
</p>
<ul><li>In <a href="Fiber_optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber optics">fiber optics</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zhao_Liu_p=1609_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao_Liu_p=1609-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Jovanovic_Becker_Marshall_p=325_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Jovanovic_Becker_Marshall_p=325-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>In <a href="Laser" title="Laser">lasers</a> (compare <a href="Mode-locking" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode-locking">mode-locking</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>In <a href="Condensed-matter_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensed-matter physics">condensed-matter physics</a>, critical slowing down can be described by a <a href="Coupled_mode_theory" title="Coupled mode theory">Coupled mode theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Nonlinear_optics" title="Nonlinear optics">Nonlinear optics</a></li>
<li><a href="Nonlinear_acoustics" title="Nonlinear acoustics">Nonlinear acoustics</a></li>
<li><a href="Equilibrium_mode_distribution" title="Equilibrium mode distribution">Equilibrium mode distribution</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Zhao_Liu_p=1609-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhao_Liu_p=1609_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFZhaoLiu2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zhao, Jianhui; Liu, Xiaoming (1 May 2006). "Fiber acousto-optic mode coupling between the higher-order modes with adjacent azimuthal numbers". <i>Optics Letters</i>. <b>31</b> (11). The Optical Society: <span class="nowrap">1609–</span>1611. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006OptL...31.1609Z">2006OptL...31.1609Z</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2Fol.31.001609">10.1364/ol.31.001609</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0146-9592">0146-9592</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16688236">16688236</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Thomas_Jovanovic_Becker_Marshall_p=325-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Jovanovic_Becker_Marshall_p=325_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThomasJovanovicBeckerMarshall2010" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Jens; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Becker, Ria G.; Marshall, Graham D.; Withford, Michael J.; Tünnermann, Andreas; Nolte, Stefan; Steel, M. J. (22 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2Foe.19.000325">"Cladding mode coupling in highly localized fiber Bragg gratings: modal properties and transmission spectra"</a>. <i>Optics Express</i>. <b>19</b> (1). The Optical Society: <span class="nowrap">325–</span>341. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.2691">1011.2691</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2Foe.19.000325">10.1364/oe.19.000325</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-4087">1094-4087</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21263572">21263572</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. R. Paschotta, <i>Mode coupling</i>, in the online <i>Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rp-photonics.com/mode_coupling.html">https://www.rp-photonics.com/mode_coupling.html</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGötze2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Wolfgang_G%C3%B6tze" title="Wolfgang Götze">Götze, Wolfgang</a> (2008-12-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/10864"><i>Complex Dynamics of Glass-Forming Liquids: A Mode-Coupling Theory</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199235346.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235346.001.0001</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-171560-0</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
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